1578075 JA
The colposcopy experience: what
do women know?
In Canadian women attending
colposcopy clinic for the first time, initially 39.6% did not know the
location of the cervix, 44.3% did not know the site of the pap smear,
38.9% the meaning of the pap result and 32.4% the purpose of colposcopy.
Women identified what they wanted in terms of information: review of
female anatomy, meaning of pap results, and procedural as well as sensory
(how will it feel?) information about colposcopy. They wanted this
information to come from their regular doctor as soon as they were given
the pap results, and not wait to read a brochure in colposcopy clinic.
1992 J Adv Nurs 17;4:514-20
Nugent, L. S. and Tamlyn-Leaman,
K.
10363540 JA
Women's experiences in coping
with abnormal Papanicolaou results and follow-up colposcopy
Prior to attending colposcopy
clinic for an abnormal pap smear, women's primary concerns were not
understanding the pap results, and what the implications were for cancer
and infertility. Coping strategies prior to the appointment were social
support and distraction.
1999 J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal
Nurs 28;3:283-90
Lauver, D. R., Baggot, A., and
Kruse, K.
8401241 JA
Anxiety and the colposcopy
experience
Women coming to colposcopy
clinic for the first time were significantly anxious, and the most anxious
were a younger age group with less knowledge about the procedure and other
stressors in their lives. Women suggested ways health professionals could
be more helpful: providing more information, decreasing the waiting time,
and changing the nature of the health professional/client relationship via
more time to talk, more support, individualized care, use of
understandable terms, and personal rather than postal contact..
1993 Clin Nurs Res 2;3:267-77
Nugent, L. S., Tamlyn-Leaman,
K., Isa, N., Reardon, E., and Crumley, J.
9836158 RCT
Can precolposcopy education
increase knowledge and decrease anxiety?
One week prior to attending
colposcopy clinic for the first time, half of a group of women received a
one page information sheet. At the time of the visit, these women had
considerably more knowledge about why they were there and about colposcopy
than the control group, but were no less anxious.
1998 J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal
Nurs 27;6:636-45
Tomaino-Brunner, C., Freda, M.
C., Damus, K., and Runowicz, C. D.
11368133 RCT
Anxiety levels in women
attending colposcopy clinics for treatment for cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia: a randomised trial of written and video information
Seeing an explanatory video
prior to attending a colposcopy clinic for the first time significantly
reduced anxiety.
2001 BJOG 108;5:482-4
Freeman-Wang, T., Walker, P.,
Linehan, J., Coffey, C., Glasser, B., and Sherr, L.
8116704 RCT
Adolescents and colposcopy: the
use of different procedures to reduce anxiety
Teens who watched a music video
during colposcopy had fewer body movements and required less reassurance.
1994 Am J Obstet Gynecol
170;2:504-8
Rickert, V. I., Kozlowski, K.
J., Warren, A. M., Hendon, A., and Davis, P.
1732434 RCT
Telephone counseling improves
adherence to colposcopy among lower- income minority women
Women who missed a scheduled
colposcopy appointment were contacted by structured telephone counseling
to determine barriers to adherence. Most common barriers were lack of
understanding of the purpose of colposcopy (50%), worry about or fear of
cancer (25%) and forgetting (23%). 67% kept the next appointment vs. 43%
of the control group.
1992 J Clin Oncol 10;2:330-3
Lerman, C., Hanjani, P.,
Caputo, C., Miller, S., Delmoor, E., Nolte, S., and Engstrom, P.
8307500 JA
Who finds cervical laser
therapy painful?
Women who had never had a
child, who regularly experienced dysmenorrhea, and who were very anxious
about the procedure, perceived significantly more pain with outpatient
cervical laser surgery. These women might best be offered general
anesthesia.
1994 Gynecol Oncol 52;1:44-9
Johnson, N. and Crompton, A. C.
11845815 JA
High incidence of cervical
human papillomavirus infection in women during their first sexual
relationship
In this longitudinal study of
242 British women with only one lifetime sexual partner, 46% became
positive for HPV within three years after first intercourse. Median time
from first intercourse to first detection of HPV was only three months.
2002 BJOG 109;1:96-8
Collins, S., Mazloomzadeh, S.,
Winter, H., Blomfield, P., Bailey, A., Young, L. S., and Woodman, C. B.
11103102 JA
Intimate partner violence and
cervical neoplasia
Of 1152 South Carolina women
seen in family practice clinics, 20.3% reported treatment for cervical
dysplasia and 1.2% reported cervical cancer. Of those women who had ever
experienced intimate partner violence, there was an increased relative
risk of 1.47 for cervical dysplasia and 4.28 for cervical cancer. Possible
mechanisms proposed are negative effects of psychosocial stress on immune
function, situational decreased access to routine pap smear visits, or
increased exposure to HPV.
2000 J Womens Health Gend Based
Med 9;9:1015-23
Coker, A. L., Sanderson, M.,
Fadden, M. K., and Pirisi, L.
9847030 JA
Stressful events, pessimism,
natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and cytotoxic/suppressor T cells in HIV+
black women at risk for cervical cancer
After controlling for several
variables, including stressful life events, pessimistic attitude was
associated with significantly decreased natural killer cells and cytotoxic
T cells in HIV positive women with history of abnormal pap smears. 44% of
these women had high risk HPV subtypes. Thus immune suppression from
pessimistic mood may place the women at risk for high grade cervical
dysplasia.
1998 Psychosom Med 60;6:714-22
Byrnes, D. M., Antoni, M. H.,
Goodkin, K., Efantis-Potter, J., Asthana, D., Simon, T., Munajj, J.,
Ironson, G., and Fletcher, M. A.
